2026-2027 Basic and Clinical Science Course, Section 13

Refractive Surgery
Explore advancements in refractive and intraocular surgery with updates on ray-tracing guided ablations, KLEx, light-adjustable lenses, and innovative presbyopia treatments. Detailed procedures, case reports, and interactive activities enhance the clinical understanding of modern ocular interventions.
Section 13 of the Academy’s Basic and Clinical Science Course (BCSC) covers the science of refractive surgery, examines specific procedures and potential complications in refractive surgery as well as refractive surgery in ocular and systemic disease, and accommodative and nonaccommodative treatment of presbyopia. In addition, the book includes information on lens implants.

This major revision features a new discussion of ray tracingguided ablations and outcomes. Several topics have been updated and expanded, such as the discussions of surface ablation over previous photorefractive keratectomy (PRK) and la