Betrayal of the Homeland

Disloyal Subjects in Wartime Syria
Samer Abboud argues that the Syrian regime sought to entrench its rule during wartime through bifurcating society into loyal and disloyal subjectsand punishing those it deemed treacherous.
The Syrian regime endured the uprisings that began in 2011, aided by Russian military intervention in 2015 that changed the trajectory of the conflict and brought more territory under government control, until its eventual collapse in 2024. Over this period, how did the state attempt to manage the conflict away from the battlefield and reestablish control over the population?

Samer Abboud argues that the Syrian regime sought to entrench its rule during wartime through bifurcating society into loyal and disloyal subjectsand punishing those it deemed treacherous. The regime framed the conflict as a war on terror, portraying its opponents as traitors to the homeland. In the post-2015 period, it established new l